本文介绍了Semeval-2022任务8:多语言新闻文章相似性的第二位系统。我们提出了一个富含实体的暹罗变形金刚,该变压器计算新闻文章的相似性,例如不同的子维度,例如新闻文章中讨论的事件的共享叙述,实体,位置和时间。我们的系统使用变压器编码器利用暹罗网络体系结构来学习文档级表示,以便捕获叙事以及从新闻文章中提取的基于辅助实体的功能。将所有这些功能一起使用背后的直觉是捕获不同粒度层面的新闻文章之间的相似性,并评估不同新闻媒体对“相同事件”的文章的程度。我们的实验结果和详细的消融研究证明了我们提出的方法的有效性和有效性。
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The findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles have provided a framework for examining, evaluating, and improving how we share data with the aim of facilitating scientific discovery. Efforts have been made to generalize these principles to research software and other digital products. Artificial intelligence (AI) models -- algorithms that have been trained on data rather than explicitly programmed -- are an important target for this because of the ever-increasing pace with which AI is transforming scientific and engineering domains. In this paper, we propose a practical definition of FAIR principles for AI models and create a FAIR AI project template that promotes adherence to these principles. We demonstrate how to implement these principles using a concrete example from experimental high energy physics: a graph neural network for identifying Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. We study the robustness of these FAIR AI models and their portability across hardware architectures and software frameworks, and report new insights on the interpretability of AI predictions by studying the interplay between FAIR datasets and AI models. Enabled by publishing FAIR AI models, these studies pave the way toward reliable and automated AI-driven scientific discovery.
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Image quality assessment (IQA) forms a natural and often straightforward undertaking for humans, yet effective automation of the task remains highly challenging. Recent metrics from the deep learning community commonly compare image pairs during training to improve upon traditional metrics such as PSNR or SSIM. However, current comparisons ignore the fact that image content affects quality assessment as comparisons only occur between images of similar content. This restricts the diversity and number of image pairs that the model is exposed to during training. In this paper, we strive to enrich these comparisons with content diversity. Firstly, we relax comparison constraints, and compare pairs of images with differing content. This increases the variety of available comparisons. Secondly, we introduce listwise comparisons to provide a holistic view to the model. By including differentiable regularizers, derived from correlation coefficients, models can better adjust predicted scores relative to one another. Evaluation on multiple benchmarks, covering a wide range of distortions and image content, shows the effectiveness of our learning scheme for training image quality assessment models.
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The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized.
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Modern Review Helpfulness Prediction systems are dependent upon multiple modalities, typically texts and images. Unfortunately, those contemporary approaches pay scarce attention to polish representations of cross-modal relations and tend to suffer from inferior optimization. This might cause harm to model's predictions in numerous cases. To overcome the aforementioned issues, we propose Multimodal Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Review Helpfulness Prediction (MRHP) problem, concentrating on mutual information between input modalities to explicitly elaborate cross-modal relations. In addition, we introduce Adaptive Weighting scheme for our contrastive learning approach in order to increase flexibility in optimization. Lastly, we propose Multimodal Interaction module to address the unalignment nature of multimodal data, thereby assisting the model in producing more reasonable multimodal representations. Experimental results show that our method outperforms prior baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results on two publicly available benchmark datasets for MRHP problem.
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通用数据模型解决了标准化电子健康记录(EHR)数据的许多挑战,但无法将其集成深度表型所需的资源。开放的生物学和生物医学本体论(OBO)铸造本体论提供了可用于生物学知识的语义计算表示,并能够整合多种生物医学数据。但是,将EHR数据映射到OBO Foundry本体论需要大量的手动策展和域专业知识。我们介绍了一个框架,用于将观察性医学成果合作伙伴关系(OMOP)标准词汇介绍给OBO铸造本体。使用此框架,我们制作了92,367条条件,8,615种药物成分和10,673个测量结果的映射。域专家验证了映射准确性,并且在24家医院进行检查时,映射覆盖了99%的条件和药物成分和68%的测量结果。最后,我们证明OMOP2OBO映射可以帮助系统地识别可能受益于基因检测的未诊断罕见病患者。
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我们可以通过观看数月或数年来了解一个场景?在长时间播放中录制的视频将在多个时间范围内描绘有趣的现象,但识别和观看它们带来了挑战。该视频太长了,无法完整观看,并且某些事件的实时体验太慢,例如冰川静修。及时视频是总结长视频和可视化慢时尺度的常见方法。但是,时间段仅限于单个选择的时间频率,并且由于框架之间的混叠和时间不连续性,通常会出现闪烁。在本文中,我们提出了视频时间金字塔,该技术可以解决这些局限性并扩大可视化时间流逝的可能性。受到计算机视觉的空间图像金字塔的启发,我们开发了一种在时间域中构建视频金字塔的算法。视频时间金字塔的每个级别都可以看到不同的时间表。例如,每月时间表的视频通常非常适合可视化季节性变化,而一分钟时间尺度的视频最适合可视化日出或云层在天空中的运动。为了帮助探索不同的金字塔水平,我们还提出了一个视频频谱图,以可视化整个金字塔的活动量,从而提供了场景动力学的整体概述,并能够在时间和时间表上探索和发现现象。为了展示我们的方法,我们已经从十个户外场景中构建了视频时间金字塔,每个户外场景都包含数月或数年的数据。我们将视频颞金字塔层与天真的时间解体进行了比较,并发现我们的金字塔可以无视长期变化的别名观看。我们还证明,视频谱图通过实现概述和以细节为中心的观点来促进跨金字塔水平的现象的探索和发现。
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道德框架和情感会影响各种在线和离线行为,包括捐赠,亲环境行动,政治参与,甚至参与暴力抗议活动。自然语言处理中的各种计算方法(NLP)已被用来从文本数据中检测道德情绪,但是为了在此类主观任务中取得更好的性能,需要大量的手工注销训练数据。事实证明,以前对道德情绪注释的语料库已被证明是有价值的,并且在NLP和整个社会科学中都产生了新的见解,但仅限于Twitter。为了促进我们对道德修辞的作用的理解,我们介绍了道德基础Reddit语料库,收集了16,123个reddit评论,这些评论已从12个不同的子雷迪维特策划,由至少三个训练有素的注释者手工注释,用于8种道德情绪(即护理,相称性,平等,纯洁,权威,忠诚,瘦道,隐含/明确的道德)基于更新的道德基础理论(MFT)框架。我们使用一系列方法来为这种新的语料库(例如跨域分类和知识转移)提供基线道德句子分类结果。
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机器学习和临床研究社区利用现实世界数据(RWD)的方法,包括电子健康记录中捕获的数据(EHR)截然不同。虽然临床研究人员谨慎使用RWD进行临床研究,但用于医疗团队的ML会消费公共数据集,并以最少的审查来开发新算法。这项研究通过开发和验证ML-DQA来弥合这一差距,ML-DQA是基于RWD最佳实践的数据质量保证框架。 ML-DQA框架适用于两个地理位置的五个ML项目,分别是不同的医疗状况和不同的人群。在这五个项目中,共收集了247,536名患者的RWD,共有2,999项质量检查和24份质量报告。出现了五种可推广的实践:所有项目都使用类似的方法来分组冗余数据元素表示;所有项目都使用自动实用程序来构建诊断和药物数据元素;所有项目都使用了一个共同的基于规则的转换库;所有项目都使用统一的方法将数据质量检查分配给数据元素;所有项目都使用类似的临床裁决方法。包括临床医生,数据科学家和受训者在内的平均有5.8个人参与每个项目实施ML-DQA,每个项目平均进行了23.4个数据元素。这项研究证明了ML-DQA在医疗项目中的重要性作用,并为团队提供了开展这些基本活动的框架。
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至于其他形式的AI,最近已经对不同用户同伙的性能差异进行了研究。在语音识别方面实现公平性的一种方法是(1)确定遭受低标准表现的说话者队列,以及(2)采取针对发现同类的公平性缓解措施。在本文中,我们使用产品规模的AI助手语音识别系统的数据报告了发现和缓解性能差异的初步发现。我们将基于地理和人口统计学信息的队列发现与一种更可扩展的方法进行比较,该方法将使用扬声器嵌入技术分组没有人类标签的说话者。为了缓解公平性,我们发现对代表性不足的队列的过度采样,以及通过其他输入变量对扬声器队列的建模,从而减少了表现和底部性能队列之间的差距,而不会降低整体识别精度。
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